Garuda Wisnu Kencana Wikipedia

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Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

PT Pelayaran Mahameru Kencana Abadi adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk berinvestasi sebagai operator dan kepemilikan dari kapal-kapal tunda, tongkang, dan kapal tanker dengan fokus pasar pengiriman di ASEAN.[1]

Perusahaan ini didirikan pada 26 Juni 2009 dan bloomberg mencatat Muhammad Kerry Adrianto sebagai Direkturnya.[2]

Hỏi - đáp công viên văn hóa Garuda Wisnu Kencana

Garuda Wisnu Kencana ở đâu?

Công viên văn hóa Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) tọa lạc tại Ungasan, Badung, Bali, Indonesia. Cách sân bay quốc tế Ngurah Rai khoảng 10-15 phút lái xe và cách Kuta khoảng 25 phút lái xe.

Giá vé tham quan Garuda Wisnu Kencana là bao nhiêu?

Giá vé tham quan GWK thay đổi tùy theo loại vé và thời điểm mua, dao động từ

Nên đi tham quan Garuda Wisnu Kencana vào thời điểm nào?

GWK mở cửa từ 8 giờ sáng đến 10 giờ tối mỗi ngày. Thời điểm lý tưởng nhất để ghé thăm địa danh này là vào các chương trình, sự kiện văn hoá. Khi này, không khí tại Garuda Wisnu Kencana sẽ vô cùng sôi động, náo nhiệt.

Được mệnh danh là điểm đến du lịch nổi tiếng, Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) - công viên văn hóa tọa lạc tại phía nam Bali - là nơi hội tụ tinh hoa văn hóa, nghệ thuật và thiên nhiên. Điểm nhấn chính của công viên là bức tượng Garuda Wisnu hùng vĩ - tượng đài cao nhất Indonesia. Bên cạnh đó, GWK còn mang đến cho du khách những màn trình diễn văn hóa nghệ thuật đặc sắc, khu vườn nhiệt đới tươi tốt và tầm nhìn ấn tượng ra khu vực xung quanh. Tổng thể, GWK là điểm đến không thể bỏ qua cho những cá nhân yêu thích văn hóa, nghệ thuật và thiên nhiên, mang đến trải nghiệm độc đáo và đáng nhớ cho tất cả du khách.

Explore and Explore-jet sub-brands

As Indonesia's flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia tries to connect many parts of Indonesia to support the government's "Indonesian Interconnectivity" program. But Garuda's fleet of Boeing 737-800s cannot reach many remote and smaller airports, because of the lack of airport infrastructure in smaller cities and remote areas, such as insufficient runway length.

In line with its Quantum Leap plan, Garuda ordered brand-new Bombardier CRJ1000 and ATR 72 to reach smaller airports from Garuda's hubs like Ngurah Rai International Airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, and Kualanamu International Airport. On 25 November 2013, Garuda launched its new sub-brands "Explore" and "Explore-jet", for servicing perintis ("pioneer") lines traditionally served by (dormant) Merpati Nusantara Airlines and its competitor Wings Air.

In 2022, due to the corruption scandal surrounding Bombardier CRJ1000 and ATR 72 fleet procurement back in 2013, and the company's worsened financial condition during the COVID-19 pandemic forced the grounding of these two types of aircraft fleets. Currently, most of the fleets have been returned to the lessor or transferred to its subsidiary Citilink, which also means the end of the "Explore" and "Explore-jet" sub-brands.

On 5 March 2014, Garuda Indonesia officially joined the SkyTeam alliance and became its 20th member.[135] The inclusion of Garuda Indonesia adds 40 new destinations to SkyTeam's global network and strengthens the alliance presence in Southeast Asia and Australia. To commemorate the event, the airline repainted an Airbus A330-300, a Boeing 737-800, and a Bombardier CRJ1000 with SkyTeam livery. In addition to repainted aircraft, a Boeing 777-300ER was delivered with SkyTeam livery.[136] With the arrival of Garuda Indonesia to SkyTeam, a variety of facilities are given as including SkyPriority, as well as changing its current frequent flyer membership into GarudaMiles. In addition, Garuda is connected with 140 new destinations and also teamed up with the world's major airlines, such as Aeroflot, Aeroméxico, Air France, China Airlines, Delta Air Lines, KLM, Korean Air, and Saudia.[137]

The Boeing customer code for Garuda Indonesia is U3, which appears on its aircraft designations as an infix, such as 737-8U3 and 777-3U3ER.

Garuda uses the Boeing 777-300ER on high-density medium and long-haul routes. The Airbus A330 and Boeing 747-400 fleet is primarily used on most medium-haul routes from Jakarta and Denpasar, as well as for Umrah and Hajj flights. The Boeing 737-800 and Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft are used on most domestic and regional routes. Meanwhile, the Bombardier CRJ1000 is used to fly to airports incapable of handling the newer 737-800, replacing the Boeing 737 Classic. The ATR 72-600 turboprop entered service at the end of 2013, serving new inter-island routes to airports in the middle and eastern parts of Indonesia that cannot handle jet aircraft.[138]

At the Paris Air Show in 2015, Garuda Indonesia signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to purchase 90 new aircraft from Boeing and Airbus (30 737 MAX, 20 787 Dreamliner, 30 A350 XWB) worth $20 billion at list prices[139] Garuda also signed a LoI for 14 Airbus A330-900s aircraft (including seven cancellations from existing A330-300 order), first reported during the Singapore Airshow 2016, confirming the order on 19 April 2016.[140]

On 5 October 2017, Garuda operated its last Boeing 747 service after the last aircraft touched down in Makassar from Medina, a returning Hajj flight. It was then ferried to Jakarta the following day for retirement.[141]

In January 2019, CEO Ari Askhara stated that the airline was considering and negotiating with lessors for a switch of 34 out of the remaining 49 Boeing 737 MAXes on order to the larger MAX 10 variant, as the airline was planning to resume 737 MAX deliveries by 2020.[142][143] In March 2019, the airline decided to cancel its outstanding orders for 49 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, citing a loss of passenger confidence in the type after the crashes of Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302.[144][145] In November 2020, the airline clarified that their order for Boeing 737 MAX is not cancelled yet, and talks are still ongoing with Boeing concerning the order.[146]

As of November 2024[update], Garuda Indonesia operates the following aircraft:[6]

Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring economy, business and first classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft. First-class cabins were introduced in 2013 on board the Boeing 777-300ER with Wi-Fi and telecommunication services on board.[161]

First class is available on two Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, featuring eight suites arranged in a 1-2-1 configuration. The first-class seats are suites, with sliding doors for extra privacy. They feature a 24" AVOD screen and seats that convert into a bed, as well as a touchscreen seat controller. There is a chef on board the aircraft to tend to the passengers' needs. First Class passengers can use in-flight Wi-Fi connectivity at no extra cost. It has a seat pitch of 82 inches and a seat width of 22 inches.[162][163][164]

The product was originally available on all Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, however, it was decided the final four aircraft would be delivered in a two-class configuration. In 2017, four more aircraft were refitted into the two-class configuration, leaving just two aircraft featuring First Class.

Garuda's business class product, is available on all aircraft except the ATR 72–600 and six older A330-300. The new Business Class cabin on Garuda's Boeing 777-300ERs is fitted with EADS Sogerma flat-bed seats arranged in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration; allowing all passengers direct aisle access. These seats feature a 74" seat pitch, 15" AVOD screen, USB ports, an in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light.

Four new A330-300s, delivered from 2016 onwards, feature the B/E Super Diamond business class seat, featuring all-aisle access, in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration, a 180-degree recline, more storage space, a new 16-inch entertainment screen, and touchscreen seat controls, along with an all-new Panasonic eX3 inflight entertainment system.[165]

On-board other Airbus A330s, the Business Class cabin features a fully flat-bed seat on all -200s and seven -300s (delivered between 2013 and 2015). However, there are no Business Class seats on board six older A330-300s delivered in 1997. The flatbed seats have up to 74" seat pitch. Seats are equipped with personal AVOD In-Flight Entertainment System (IFE), USB ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light. Business Class seats on board are configured in a 2-2-2 configuration.

Garuda's Boeing 737-800 aircraft also features a reclining Business Class product with a 42" seat pitch in a 2–2 layout, equipped with an in-seat laptop power supply, personal 9-inch touch-screen and handset activated AVOD In-Flight Entertainment, and personal reading light.

A range of hot and cold beverages are available, along with snacks and/or meals, depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beer are also offered on international flights.

Economy Class seats are available on all aircraft. Seat configuration is 2–2 on the ATR 72 and CRJ1000, 3-3 on the 737, 2-4-2 on the A330 as well as 3-3-3 on the 777. Seat widths range from 17 inches on board all 737, ATR 72 and CRJ1000, to over 18 inches on board the A330 and 777. Seat pitch is 30 inches on the ATR 72 and Bombardier CRJ1000 aircraft, 31–32 inches on the 737, 32–33 inches on board the 777, and 33–34 inches on board the A330.

Seat-back inflight entertainment is offered on all 737s (except PK-GEx series) and all A330s and 777s. Except for four newest A330 aircraft (which feature an 11.1-inch touchscreen), every seat has a 9-inch seat-back touchscreen.

ESCort (Economy Sleeping Comfort) was Garuda's one of two newest onboard class services that was introduced in 2019 exclusively on its flights to and from London-Heathrow. In ESCort class, passengers can enjoy three whole economy class seats for themselves. The airline provided a mattress, pillow, and duvet cover along with business class meals and amenities for passengers travelling in this class. Passengers were allowed to lie down on the three seats during the flight.[166]

Premium Economy was the second onboard class service that Garuda Indonesia introduced in 2019 as it marks its maiden flight from London Heathrow to Denpasar, Bali. The Premium Economy class gave travelling couples an extra empty seat in the regular Economy class cabin. Passengers in Premium Economy can also enjoy a 40 kg (88 lb) checked baggage allowance along with a business class meal and amenity kit.[166][dead link‍]

Quảng trường Garuda (Plaza Garuda)

Quảng trường Garuda là một quảng trường đẹp như tranh vẽ nằm trong Công viên Văn hóa Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) và nhìn ra Hồ Sen hùng vĩ. Theo thần thoại Hindu, Garuda là thần cưỡi của thần Wisnu và đại diện cho lòng trung thành, đáng tin cậy và sự hy sinh. Trong văn hóa Indonesia, Garuda cũng được tôn kính như biểu tượng của lòng dũng cảm, trí tuệ, sức mạnh và kỷ luật. Do đó, được bảo vệ bởi tượng thần Garuda uy nghiêm, quảng trường là địa điểm yêu thích cho chụp ảnh cưới và các sự kiện nhỏ.

Frequent-flyer program

Garuda Frequent Flyer, Garuda Indonesia's frequent-flyer program was launched in September 1999.[174] In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels. In June 2011 Garuda Indonesia launched a joint frequent flyer program with Korean Air. Members of the Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) program and Korean Air's SkyPass program will benefit from the cooperation by accruing mileage for flying both Korean Air and Garuda or any Garuda–Korean Air codeshare flights.[175]

From 27 March 2014, due to joining SkyTeam, Garuda Indonesia announced that Garuda Frequent Flyer renamed as GarudaMiles.[176][177][178] In 2017, Citilink's frequent-flyer program, Supergreen, merged with GarudaMiles, dubbed 'Supergreen GarudaMiles',[179] before merging fully with GarudaMiles.[180] Now, GarudaMiles serves as Garuda Indonesia and Citilink's frequent-flyer program.

As of 2019, besides Garuda, Citilink, and SkyTeam members (with the exception of Alitalia, as currently, Garuda can only earn miles from Alitalia flights), GarudaMiles members can earn and spend their miles with Etihad Airways and All Nippon Airways.[181][182] GarudaMiles members previously able to earn and spend miles with India's Jet Airways before Jet's demise in 2019.

The Garuda Business Lounge is open to passengers travelling in Business Class, as well as those holding a Platinum GarudaMiles card. Lounges are located at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and throughout Indonesia, offering food and drinks, wireless internet, showers, meeting rooms and business services.[183]

Garuda Indonesia First Class Lounge is located only in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. The lounge's facilities include reading materials, a small library, cigar room, kitchen, Prayer room (Musholla), nursery room, toilets (including ones for disabled individuals), showers, and a self-playing piano. The lounge also provides food and beverages.

Garuda Indonesia was the official sponsor of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games. Garuda Indonesia also supports the "Wonderful Indonesia" tourism campaign by placing the "Wonderful Indonesia" logo in their promotional materials as well as on the hulls of their aircraft.[184]

In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia signed a three-year sponsorship deal with Premier League club Liverpool FC. The agreement gives Garuda Indonesia the right to be the Official Partner of Liverpool Football Club and the Official Global Airline Partner of Liverpool Football Club. In addition, a six-minute advertisement video of Garuda Indonesia will be broadcast during matches held at the Liverpool FC home ground, Anfield, for the 2012–2014 season.[185][186]

This collaboration with Liverpool will give Garuda Indonesia media exposure to increase brand awareness in the international market more effectively with more maximal benefits, given the brand Garuda Indonesia will get a higher frequency of delivery with a longer broadcast duration. In 2013, Liverpool toured Asia with one of the countries the goal was Indonesia. Through the tour visit, it is expected that this visit will improve the quality of football matches in Indonesia.[185]

To support the visit target of 20 million tourists in 2019, Garuda Indonesia will increase the number of aircraft fleets that have been installed with the 'Wonderful Indonesia' logo on their aircraft starting this year. Business Director of Garuda Indonesia, Handayani at the Tourism Ministry's End-of-Year Press Conference at Sapta Pesona Building, Ministry of Tourism Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta said, in February 2016 there will be at least five additional Garuda Indonesia aircraft that have the Wonderful Indonesia logo as a form of cooperation between Garuda Indonesia and the Ministry of Tourism. "Hopefully it can support Indonesia's tourism," said Handayani. Also, Garuda Indonesia will provide tourism support in the form of developing flight routes by strengthening flight routes that are superior in the tourism sector, such as Labuan Bajo, Lombok, and Wakatobi.[187]

Aviation market share in Indonesia (2021)[188]

Garuda Indonesia (10.5%)

For most of modern Indonesian history, Garuda Indonesia has dominated the Indonesian air travel market share. However, started in 2000, Lion Air started to grow and become a serious rival in domestic air travel in Indonesia. By the time the COVID-19 pandemic was still underway in mid-2021, Lion Air still held the majority of Indonesia's domestic air travel market share by 29.7%, while Garuda Indonesia came in fourth with a 10.5% share. Citilink came in second with a market share of 22.6%, followed by Lion's full-service subsidiary Batik (8.9%). Lion Air's regional flight service Wings Air holds a 7.9% share. Indonesia AirAsia, a unit of the Malaysian budget airline, had a 1.9% market share.[188]

Overall, the Indonesian domestic air travel business is overwhelmingly ruled by two groups; Lion Air group and Garuda Indonesia group. In 2021, Lion Air group accounted for 59.4% of the market share, while Garuda Indonesia group had a 33.1% market share.[189]

For international routes, Garuda Indonesia has identified four airlines that became the benchmark to improve their service and to compete to be the world's best airline. The serious rivals for Garuda Indonesia's international routes are Singapore Airlines, Qatar Airways, Emirates and Cathay Pacific.[190]

Nhà hàng – Quán ăn ngon gần Garuda Wisnu Kencana

Chơi gì ở Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park?

Combo Nghỉ Dưỡng có rất nhiều tour du lịch trọn gói giúp bạn tham quan công viên Garuda Wisnu Kencana kết hợp với nhiều địa điểm “hot” trên bản đồ du lịch Bali vào những thời điểm đẹp nhất trong ngày. Nếu bạn muốn tự lên lịch trình, hãy tham khảo các tour thiết kế theo yêu cầu đến từ Combo Nghỉ Dưỡng. Với kinh nghiệm lâu năm về làm tour du lịch tự túc và cơ sở làm việc tại Bali sẵn sàng hỗ trợ mọi lúc. Bạn hoàn toàn có thể có những trải nghiệm tuyệt vời nhất khi tham quan Garuda Wisnu Kencana cùng Combo Nghỉ Dưỡng. Sau đây, Combo Nghỉ Dưỡng sẽ giới thiệu cho bạn một số hoạt động tham quan thú vị khi đến Garuda Wisnu Kencana.

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Developments after the lifting of ban (2009–2020)

Following the lifting of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers which were Lion air and etc , the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the Quantum Leap.[31][32] The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's livery, staff uniform and logo, and nearly doubling the size of its fleet from 62 to 116.[31] The Quantum Leap also plans to boost annual passenger numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62.[31] Route expansions included Amsterdam, with a stopover in Dubai, in 2010. As of 2014, Garuda flies to Amsterdam non-stop five times a week using a Boeing 777-300ER with continuing service to London, with the sixth weekly service to be added by the end of 2015. Other European and American cities such as Frankfurt, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Los Angeles are being considered for reopening.[33][34][35][36][37]

As part of the Quantum Leap, the airline refreshed its logo and redesigned its livery in 2009, more than 20 years after the last update.[38] New uniforms were introduced in 2010.[39] In 2010, the airline placed a firm order for six additional Airbus A330s at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow,[40] while it opened a new hub at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, South Sulawesi to increase services to the eastern part of Indonesia on 1 June 2011, its third after Jakarta and Denpasar.[41] In 2013, Garuda's won the Skytrax World's Best Cabin Crew Awards, and in 2018, Garuda's won the awards again for the fifth consecutive year. During this period, the airline also added additional frequencies to many of its international routes, including to Singapore, Bangkok, Beijing and Shanghai from Jakarta, while it also added capacity to Denpasar-Seoul.

At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25.[42] All 25 Airbus A320s are to be used by their subsidiary, Citilink[43] The airline's earlier order for the Boeing 787, made in 2005, was changed once more, due to the delays in the 787's entry into service. Garuda opted to sign for 10 Boeing 777-300ERs instead, which it would take delivery of in 2013 to use on long-haul flights to Europe, and medium-haul flights within Asia, such as to Japan, China, Singapore and Saudi Arabia, as well as short-haul domestic routes between Jakarta and Denpasar.

The airline made its debut on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in February 2011,[44] with the government of Indonesia retaining a majority of the shares. PT Trans Airways bought 10.9% stake of Garuda Indonesia unsold IPO shares from underwriters on 27 April 2012. The transaction was valued at Rp 1.53 trillion ($166.8 million).[45] In late 2014, the airline became one of seven airlines to earn the prestigious 5-star rating from Skytrax, marking the end of the five-year Quantum Leap program.[46] Following this announcement, Emirsyah Satar, who had been CEO for the past nine years, announced his resignation and retirement and promoted former Citilink chief Arif Wibowo as his successor.

Following Wibowo's promotion, he began a "Quick Wins" cost-cutting drive to cut down on losses while boosting revenue through various measures, including cancelling unprofitable routes and increasing staff efficiency.[47] Despite this, Wibowo remained committed to continuing the airline's international expansion, particularly once market conditions, such as the weakening rupiah, improved. This was reaffirmed following the airline's announcement of its intent to order 90 new aircraft, from both Boeing and Airbus, worth $20 billion at list prices at the 2015 Paris Air Show.[48] Wibowo retired from his position in 2017, replaced by Pahala Nugraha Mansury the same year before being replaced by I Gusti Ngurah Askhara Danadiputra, otherwise known as Ari Askhara in 2018.

During Ari Askhara's leadership, Garuda introduced live acoustic concerts on domestic flights, which led to criticism.[49] as well as reopening the London route from Denpasar, with transit in Medan's Kualanamu International Airport. It also hit with three high-profile scandals.

In April 2019, Chairal Tanjung and Donny Oskaria, Independent Commissioners of the airline called out that Garuda's 2018 Annual Report was not under the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, thus deciding not to sign the report. Both Ministry of Finance and Financial Services Authority found various violations inside the report as both Independent Commissioners told the public, which led to both regulators imposing a penalty to the airline and auditors involved.[50][51]

On 13 July 2019, travel reviewer and YouTuber Rius Vernandes shared a picture of a hand-written menu during his flight from Sydney to Jakarta, which led to Garuda's management reporting him to the police followed by the airline issuing a regulation prohibiting selfies on the plane and a lawsuit prompted by the Garuda's workers' association also known as SEKARGA. Both Garuda's and SEKARGA's actions were panned and criticized by worldwide netizens. Through mediation, Rius and Garuda settled, and SEKARGA pulled the lawsuit on 19 July 2019.[52][53]

On 5 December 2019, Ari Askhara was fired from his position for smuggling a classic Harley-Davidson motorcycle and Brompton folded bicycle. The motorcycle and bicycle were found by the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport's Customs and Excise team inside a recently-delivered Airbus A330-900 aircraft.[54][55] It was revealed that Ari Askhara and other directors had been implementing various policies that harmed Garuda flight attendants, such as mutation without explanation, additional flight hours, and discrimination between employees.[56][57][58][59] These policies were subsequently revoked.[60]

A year later in December 2020, it was revealed through Twitter that many Garuda flight attendants had been victims of sexual harassment and coercion to prostitution during Ari's leadership, with many attendants confirming that VP Cabin Attendant Roni Eka Mirsa was the pimp for the prostitution circle.[58][61][62] Police responded by investigating the whistleblower in the case for defamation after a report was filed by an air hostess who was allegedly the mistress of various executives at state-owned enterprises. She later dropped the complaint.[63] State-owned Enterprises Minister Erick Thohir said that he would consider dismissing executives of state-owned enterprises if their female employees have faced sexual harassment.[64]

Lịch sử công viên Garuda Wisnu Kencana

Công viên văn hóa Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) được xây dựng vào năm 1997 tại Bali, Indonesia. Công viên đã được thiết kế và xây dựng năm 1996. Garuda Wisnu Kencana được mở cửa cho khách tham quan vào năm 2018. Ý tưởng xây dựng công viên Garuda Wisnu Kencana được sáng tạo bởi PT Alam Sutera Realty Tbk, một công ty bất động sản tại Indonesia. Với mục đích tạo ra một trung tâm văn hóa và địa điểm tham quan dành cho người dân Bali và du khách.

Vẻ đẹp của công viên Garuda Wisnu Kencana nhìn từ trên cao (Hình ảnh: Internet)

Gợi ý đến bạn Du lịch đền Uluwatu: giá vé, đường đi, lịch trình và kinh nghiệm, một điểm du lịch hấp dẫn có thể kết hợp cùng tham quan với Garuda Wisnu Kencana.

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